Communication Networks and Socialization Content for the 2020 Regional Head Election by the General Election Commission in Indonesia on Twitter

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55108/jnp.v1i1.176

Keywords:

communication network, election commission, election socialization, twitter

Abstract

Election stages that usually involve many people, such as campaigning and socializing the 2020 Regional Head Election, must be carried out online or "in-network" to avoid the spread of Covid-19, one of which is social media. The KPU must be able to use social media as a means to socialize the stages of the election that have been and will be held. This study specifically wants to see how the RI KPU uses Twitter as a social media in the 2020 Pilkada. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. This research uses Qualitative Data Software Analysis (QDSA) and Social Network Analysis (SNA), which function as analysis tools. QDSA uses NVivo 12 Plus, while the SNA used is NodeXL Pro. The study results indicate that the use of Twitter Social Media as a means of socialization is an important part that cannot be separated from the socialization of the 2020 Pilkada. The link between the accounts of the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia and other accounts results in the exchange of messages by mentioning each other. The intensity of the socialization of the implementation stages and the categories of message content conveyed in the KPU account have also been identified. The implementation of social media tactics carried out by the KPU during the 2020 election period can be categorized as institutional and individual. The emergence of communication networks and the impact of social media use on the resulting level of participation are also presented.

References

Adinugroho, B., Prisanto, G. F., Irwansyah, I., & Ernungtyas, N. F. (2019). Media Sosial dan Internet Dalam Keterlibatan Informasi Politik dan Pemilihan Umum. Jurnal Representamen, 5(02), 80–95. https://doi.org/10.30996/representamen.v5i02.2943

AlYahmady, H. H., & Al Abri, S. S. (2013). Using Nvivo for Data Analysis in Qualitative Research. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 2(2), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.12816/0002914

Antara, A. (2020). Jadwal Pilkada Serentak 9 Desember 2020, Pemerintah-DPR-KPU Sepakat. Retrieved from tirto.id website: https://tirto.id/jadwal-pilkada-serentak-9-desember-2020-pemerintah-dpr-kpu-sepakat-fDay

Arum, R. (2020). Pembatasan Sosial Di Indonesia Akibat Virus Corona Ditinjau Dari Sudut Pandang Politik. https://doi.org/10.31228/osf.io/g8ny3

Batara, E., Nurmandi, A., Warsito, T., & Pribadi, U. (2018). Are government employees adopting local e-government transformation?: The need for having the right attitude, facilitating conditions and performance expectations. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(3), 343–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-09-2017-0056

Belkahla Driss, O., Mellouli, S., & Trabelsi, Z. (2019). From citizens to government policy-makers: Social media data analysis. Government Information Quarterly, 36(3), 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.05.002

Bello, B. S., Inuwa-dutse, I., & Heckel, R. (2019). Social Media Campaign Strategies: Analysis of the 2019 Nigerian Elections. (October). https://doi.org/10.1109/SNAMS.2019.8931869

Bode, L., & Dalrymple, K. E. (2016). Politics in 140 Characters or Less: Campaign Communication, Network Interaction, and Political Participation on Twitter. Journal of Political Marketing, 15(4), 311–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2014.959686

Bonilla, Y., & Rosa, J. (2015). #Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12112

Brandão, C. (2015). P. Bazeley and K. Jackson, Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo (2nd ed.) . Qualitative Research in Psychology, 12(4), 492–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2014.992750

Brandt, T., Bendler, J., & Neumann, D. (2017). Social media analytics and value creation in urban smart tourism ecosystems. Information and Management, 54(6), 703–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.01.004

Bringer, J. D., Brackenridge, C. H., & Johnston, L. H. (2002). Using computer-assisted qualitative data Analysis software (CAQDAS) to develop a grounded theory project. Field Methods, 18(3), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1525822X06287602

Bruno, L. (2019). A Percepção Dos Enfermeiros Sobre Educação Permanente Em Saúde No Contexto Da Estratégia Saúde Da Família De Sobral. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Buccoliero, L., Bellio, E., Crestini, G., & Arkoudas, A. (2020). Twitter and politics: Evidence from the US presidential elections 2016. Journal of Marketing Communications, 26(1), 88–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2018.1504228

Cahyaningsih, A., Wijayadi, H., & Kautsar, R. (2019). Penetrasi Teknologi Informasi dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak 2018. Jurnal PolGov, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/polgov.v1i1.48289

Cahyatina, C. (2020). Optimalisasi Media Sosial Dalam Pilkada di Masa Pandemi Covid19. Retrieved March 26, 2021, from Jateng.kpu.go.id website: https://jateng.kpu.go.id/optimalisasi-media-sosial-dalam-pilkada-di-masa-pandemi-covid19/

Ciszek, E. (2013). Advocacy and Amplification: Nonprofit Outreach and Empowerment Through Participatory Media. Public Relations Journal, 7(2), 187–213. https://instituteforpr.org/advocacy-amplification-nonprofit-outreach-empowerment-participatory-media/

Criado, J. I., Sandoval-Almazan, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2013). Government innovation through social media. Government Information Quarterly, 30(4), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.10.003

Crothers, C. (2015). Using the Internet in New Zealand elections and support for e-voting. Political Science, 67(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032318715610165

Delerue, H., Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2012). Social media: Back to the roots and back to the future. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 14(2), 101–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/13287261211232126

Detiknews. (2019). Ini 270 Daerah yang Gelar Pilkada Serentak 2020. Retrieved from News.detik.com website: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4596501/ini-270-daerah-yang-gelar-pilkada-serentak-2020

DiGrazia, J., McKelvey, K., Bollen, J., & Rojas, F. (2013). More tweets, more votes: Social media as a quantitative indicator of political behavior. PLoS ONE, 8(11), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079449

Emeraldien, F. Z., Sunarsono, R. J., & Alit, R. (2019). Twitter Sebagai Platform Komunikasi Politik di Indonesia. SCAN-Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi, 14(1), 21–30. http://ejournal.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/scan/article/view/1457

Fanida, H. (2018). Electronic Voting ( E-Voting ) in Indonesia : Reflection On E-Voting Practices in Some Countries. 226(Icss), 150–155. https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-18.2018.34

García-Horta, J. B., & Guerra-Ramos, M. T. (2009). The use of CAQDAS in educational research: Some advantages, limitations and potential risks. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 32(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437270902946686

Gintova, M. (2019). Understanding government social media users: an analysis of interactions on Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Twitter and Facebook. Government Information Quarterly, (December 2018), 101388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.005

Goldhaber, G. M. (1990). Organizational Communication. In 1 (Ed.), Human Communication Research. WCB. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1978.tb00624.x

Gunawan, I. (2016). KUALITATIF Imam Gunawan. Pendidikan, 27.

Hellsten, I., Jacobs, S., & Wonneberger, A. (2019). Active and passive stakeholders in issue arenas: A communication network approach to the bird flu debate on Twitter. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.009

Ho, A. T., & Cho, W. (2016). Government Communication Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Police Performance: A Large-Scale Survey Study. Public Administration Review, xx(xx), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12563.Government

Irawan, A. W., Yusufianto, A., Agustina, D., & Dean, R. (2020). Laporan Survei Internet Apjii 2019-2020 (Q2) (Vol. 2020). https://apjii.or.id/content/read/39/521/Laporan-Survei-Internet-APJII-2019-2020-Q2

Jansen, B. J., Zhang, M., Sobel, K., & Chowdury, A. (2013). Twitter Power:Tweets as ElectronicWord of Mouth. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(July), 1852–1863. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21149

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). User of the world. unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Katadata.co.id. (2019). Berapa Pengguna Media Sosial Indonesia? Katadata.Co.Id, 2019. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/02/08/berapa-pengguna-media-sosial-indonesia

Kompas.com. (2020a). Jokowi Tetapkan Status Darurat Kesehatan Masyarakat. Retrieved from nasional.kompas.com website: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/31/15265391/jokowi-tetapkan-status-darurat-kesehatan-masyarakat

Kompas.com. (2020b). Ketua KPU: Pilkada Tetap Desember 2020, Tidak Akan Mundur. Retrieved from nasional.kompas.com website: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/05/28/23194681/ketua-kpu-pilkada-tetap-desember-2020-tidak-akan-mundur-lagi?page=all

Kosasih, I. (2016). Peran Media Sosial Facebook dan Twitter Dalam Membangun Komunikasi (Persepsi dan Motifasi Masyarakat Jejaring Sosial Dalam Pergaulan). Lembaran Masyarakat: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam, 2(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

KPU Kabupaten Minahasa. (2017). KPU RI Luncurkan Tagline #KPUMelayani. Retrieved from http://www.kpu-minahasakab.go.id/berita-167-kpu-ri-luncurkan-tagline-kpumelayani.html

KPU Kota Batu. (2020). Divisi Sosialisasi Harus Kreatif di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Retrieved March 26, 2021, from kpu-kotabatu.go.id website: https://kpu-kotabatu.go.id/divisi-sosialisasi-harus-kreatif-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19/

KPU RI. (2020). Keputusan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia Nomor: 179/PL.02-Kpt/01/KPU/III/2020 Tentang Penundaan Tahapan Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur, Bupati dan Wakil Bupati, dan/atau Wali Kota dan Wakil Wali Kota Tahun 2020 Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Peny. Jdih.Kpu.Go.Id, pp. 1–5. Jakarta: Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia.

Kruikemeier, S. (2014). How political candidates use Twitter and the impact on votes. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.025

Kruikemeier, S., Boerman, S. C., & Bol, N. (2019). Breaching the contract? Using social contract theory to explain individuals’ online behavior to safeguard privacy. Media Psychology, 00(00), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2019.1598434

Laeis, Z. (2020). Pakar: Jangan Paksakan Pilkada di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Retrieved from Antaranews.com website: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1526524/pakar-jangan-paksakan-pilkada-di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19

Lassinantti, J., Ståhlbröst, A., & Runardotter, M. (2019). Relevant social groups for open data use and engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.11.001

Lee, M. K., Yoon, H. Y., Smith, M., Park, H. J., & Park, H. W. (2017). Mapping a Twitter scholarly communication network: a case of the association of internet researchers’ conference. Scientometrics, 112(2), 767–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2413-z

Loilatu, M. J., Irawan, B., Salahudin, S., & Sihidi, I. T. (2021). Analisis fungsi twitter sebagai media komunikasi transportasi publik. Jurnal Komunikasi, 13(1), 2021. https://doi.org/10.24912/jk.v13i1.8707

Lovejoy, K., Waters, R. D., & Saxton, G. D. (2012). Engaging stakeholders through Twitter: How nonprofit organizations are getting more out of 140 characters or less. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.01.005

Maanen, V., & Schein, E. H. (1979). Towards a Theory of Organizational Socialization. In Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 1). Greenwich, CT: JAI. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4379594.pdf

Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 03(05), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.35021

Mehmet, M. I., D’Alessandro, S., Pawsey, N., & Nayeem, T. (2018). The national, regional and city divide: Social media analysis of stakeholders views regarding biological controls. The public reaction to the carp control herpes virus in Australia. Journal of Environmental Management, 227(March), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.093

Meladia, M., Nadjib, M., & Akbar, M. (2018). Penggunaan Hashtag (#)Akun Twitter Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Dalam Upaya Membangun Kesadaran Membayar Pajak. KAREBA : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(2), 241. https://doi.org/10.31947/kjik.v6i2.5321

Mergel, I. (2013). A framework for interpreting social media interactions in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 30(4), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.015

Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23–48. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/85654/

Moleong, L. J. (2008). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Revisi). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya Offset.

Monggilo, Z. M. (2016). Kajian Literatur Tentang Tipologi Perilaku Berinternet Generasi Muda Indonesia. Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI, 13(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v13i1.599

Näkki, P., Bäck, A., Ropponen, T., Kronqvist, J., Hintikka, K. A., Harju, A., … Kola, P. (2011). Social media for citizen participation report on the somus project. In VTT Publications. https://www.vttresearch.com/sites/default/files/pdf/publications/2011/P755.pdf

Nuswantoro, A. R. (2015). Politik Internet Indonesia: Ide Bebas Terhadap Perkembangan Politik, Ekonomi, dan Demokrasi. Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI, 12(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v12i1.443

Ozkan, B. C. (2004). Using NVivo to Analyze Qualitative Classroom Data on Constructivist Learning Environments. Qualitative Report, 9(4), 589–603. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2004.1905

Papakyriakopoulos, O., Serrano, J. C. M., & Hegelich, S. (2020). Political communication on social media: A tale of hyperactive users and bias in recommender systems. Online Social Networks and Media, 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2019.100058

Perangin-angin, L. L. K., & Zainal, M. (2018). Partisipasi Politik Pemilih Pemula Dalam Bingkai Jejaring Sosial Di Media Sosial. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(4), 737. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i4.210

Petruca, I. (2015). Personal Branding Through Social Media. International Journal of Communication Research, 6(4), 389–392. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9593-1.les4

Purnama, F. Y. (2015). NodeXL dalam Penelitian Jaringan Komunikasi Berbasis Internet. Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI, 12(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v12i1.441

Puspitasari, W. (2020). KPU Purbalingga Optimalkan Sosialisasi Melalui Media Sosial. Retrieved March 26, 2021, from Antaranews.com website: https://jateng.antaranews.com/berita/319422/kpu-purbalingga-intensifkan-sosialisasi-pilkada-2020

Ramadhani, D. P., Alamsyah, A., & Wicaksono, M. B. (2019). Eksplorasi Pemimpin Opini Untuk Alternatif Pendukung Pemasaran Pt. Net Mediatama Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Analisis Jejaring Sosial Di Twitter. Sosiohumanitas, 21(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.36555/sosiohumanitas.v21i1.1002

Rumata, V. M. (2017). ANALISIS ISI KUALITATIF TWITTER “#TaxAmnesy” dan “#AmnestiPajak.” Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Pembangunan, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31346/jpkp.v18i1.840

Rust, N. A., & Hughes, C. (2018). Social Science Methods to Study Human-Cheetah Interactions. Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation: Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes, 1(780), 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00035-6

Santangeli, A., Arkumarev, V., Rust, N., & Girardello, M. (2016). Understanding, quantifying and mapping the use of poison by commercial farmers in Namibia – Implications for scavengers’ conservation and ecosystem health. Biological Conservation, 204(October), 205–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.018

Sessions, L. F. (2010). HOW OFFLINE GATHERINGS AFFECT ONLINE COMMUNITIES When virtual community members ‘meetup.’ Information, Communication & Society Vol., 13(3), 375–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180903468954

Sidik, A., & Mulya, B. W. (2011). Pendekatan Analisis Data Menggunakan NVivo-software untuk Penelitian Desain Logo Museum Nasional Jakarta. Nirmana, 13(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.9744/nirmana.13.1.1-4

Skoric, M. M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D., & Pang, N. (2016). Social media and citizen engagement : A meta-analytic review. New Media & Societ, 19(9), 1817–1839. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815616221

Slamet, Hamdan, A. R. bin, & Deraman, A. (2009). E-demokrasi di indonesia, antara peluang dan hambatan pendekatan fenomenologis. Seminar Nasional Informatika, 2009(semnasIF), 85–93. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/175349-ID-e-demokrasi-di-indonesia-antara-peluang.pdf

Sobaci, M. Z. (2016). Social media and local governments: An overview. Public Administration and Information Technology, 15, 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17722-9_1

Song, C., & Lee, J. (2016). Citizens Use of Social Media in Government, Perceived Transparency, and Trust in Government. Public Performance and Management Review, 39(2), 430–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2015.1108798

Suryadharma, B., & Susanto, T. D. (2017). Faktor Penerimaan Media Sosial Instansi Pemerintah di Indonesia. Information Technology, 2, 1–10. Retrieved from http://ejurnal.itats.ac.id/index.php/integer/article/view/174

Susanto, B., Lina, H., & Chrismanto, A. R. (2012). Penerapan Social Network Analysis dalam Penentuan Centrality Studi Kasus Social Network Twitter. Jurnal Informatika, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21460/inf.2012.81.111

Tari, Z. G., & Emamzadeh, Z. (2018). An Analysis of the Media Messages during the 2016 U . S . Presidential Election : A Thematic Comparison between CNN News and Donald Trump ’ s Tweets. Journal of Politics and Law, 11(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n2p78

Towner, T., & Muñoz, C. L. (2020). Instagramming Issues: Agenda Setting During the 2016 Presidential Campaign. Social Media + Society, 6(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120940803

Wardi, R. (2020). KPU: 687 Bakal Pasangan Calon Bertarung di Pilkada 2020. Retrieved from beritasatu.com website: https://www.beritasatu.com/politik/673599/kpu-687-bakal-pasangan-calon-bertarung-di-pilkada-2020

Widayanti, R. (2015). Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Untuk Penyebaran Informasi. Retrieved from https://www.esaunggul.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Pemanfataan-Media-Sosial-untuk-Penyebaran-Informasi-Kegiatan-Sekolah-Menengah-Kejuruan-Pasundan-Tangerang.pdf

Witanto, J. N., Lim, H., & Atiquzzaman, M. (2018). Smart government framework with geo-crowdsourcing and social media analysis. Future Generation Computer Systems, 89, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.06.019

Xiong, Y., Cho, M., & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of Twitter during the #MeToo movement. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.014

Yohana, R. (2018). Persepsi Digital Dependent terhadap Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dan Dampak Sosial Ekonominya. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 15(1), 17–32. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/238232-persepsi-digital-dependent-terhadap-pema-498ebc7e.pdf

Yoo, W., Yang, J. H., & Cho, E. (2016). How social media influence college students’ smoking attitudes and intentions. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.061

Downloads

Published

2022-08-18

How to Cite

Akbar, P., Purwaningsih, T., Nurmandi, A., & Irawan, B. (2022). Communication Networks and Socialization Content for the 2020 Regional Head Election by the General Election Commission in Indonesia on Twitter. Jurnal Netralitas Dan Pemilu, 1(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.55108/jnp.v1i1.176